Several Habsburg monarchs are known to have exhibited the characteristic jaw, including:

• Charles V (1500–1558): Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, Charles V had a famously prominent jaw, often depicted in portraits that highlight his profile.

• Philip II of Spain (1527–1598): Son of Charles V, Philip II’s jaw was pronounced enough to be clearly visible in paintings and descriptions.

• Charles II of Spain (1661–1700): Often cited as having the most extreme example of the Habsburg jaw, Charles II suffered from numerous health problems thought to be linked to the genetic effects of inbreeding, including his pronounced mandibular prognathism.

The Impact on Health and Legacy

While the Habsburg jaw became a distinctive physical symbol of the dynasty, it also reflected deeper genetic issues. Many historians and medical researchers believe that the heavy inbreeding responsible for this trait contributed to health complications within the family, including:

• Difficulty chewing and speaking

• Dental problems due to misaligned teeth

• Other congenital defects, as in the case of Charles II, who suffered from multiple disabilities and infertility.

The health problems tied to the Habsburg jaw may have contributed to the eventual decline of the Spanish Habsburg line, culminating in the death of Charles II without an heir and triggering the War of Spanish Succession. shutdown123